By Sheona Smith

2025 年 2 月 20 日 AM06:59

Man smiles after his English for business class at the British Council Hong Kong

動詞 ‘to be’ 看似簡單,實則不然。不過,當您開始培養英語會話技能和英語詞彙時,這個動詞就變得相當實用,尤其是當您想談及自己的生活經歷時。我們會嘗試在本文讓這個動詞變得更容易理解。請記住,如果你覺得英語語法令人困惑,參加面對面英語課程會很有幫助,你可以向老師提問並即時獲得解答,以加快學習進度。成人英語課程請見此處:https://www.britishcouncil.hk/english-courses/adults

如何使用動詞 ‘to be’ 談論過去 

在一般過去式中,這個動詞採用不規則形式​​  

Declarative 

Negative 

Interrogative 

I was 

I wasn’t 

Was I….? 

You were 

You weren’t 

Were you…? 

He / She / It was 

He / She / It wasn’t 

 

Was he / she / it…? 

We were 

We weren’t 

Were we…? 

You were 

You weren’t 

Were you..? 

They were 

They weren’t 

Were they..? 

動詞 ‘to be’ 可用來描述狀態和情況,例如你的感受;而你亦可以使用 ‘to be’ 來描述事物。用 To be 來談論過去事件時,請務必使用上文提到的形式。  

例如: 

The party was amazing! 

We were really happy!  

你可能會留意到,這個動詞與英語中談論動作的其他動詞不同,無需加上助動詞 (又名「情態動詞」)。句子中並無 did or 、didn’t 或其他動詞,只有動詞 ‘to be’ 位於正確的疑問位置上。 

Were you sad yesterday? 

Was it your birthday on Sunday?  

記住:如使用  was / were,就幾乎一定是指過去發生的某件事情或事件。  

使用時機? 

‘To be’ 有時稱為連繫動詞,連接句子的主語 (通常是人物或其他名詞) 與提供更多資訊的字詞。例如:  

‘Their house was enormous’. 

在這句中,我們得到了關於房子大小的資訊 — 具體而言,是房子在過去某個時間的大小。房子是主語 + was + 描述房子的形容詞。  

在英語對話中,用到 was/were 的實用句型有很多,以下這個就可以根據不同語境進行調整: 

It was great to visit the Art Gallery 

It was exciting to go on the Roller Coaster ride 

The children were happy to meet new friends at their new school  

這些句子都遵循以下模式:主語 + Was/Were + 形容詞 + To + 不定式。  

由於這個動詞可用來描述人物和事物,因此亦可談論過去的數量、金錢和工作,甚至講述過去曾屬於我們的東西。  

Look at that house over there. It was mine! I sold it last year. 

She was a teacher for ten years. 

How much was the pizza? It was €18!  

我們亦可以用 ‘there was’ (單數) 來談論過去的一件事物。如果你需要談論幾件事物,就使用 ‘there were’ (複數)。例如,如想描述你的社區或你參觀過的地方,可以這樣說:  

When I was younger there were fewer cars around. And there was only one small shop in my street.  

或者 

Our holiday to Rome last month was wonderful! There were loads of great shops and there was a fantastic traditional Italian restaurant near our hotel. 

記住基礎結構: 

Declarative 

Negative 

Interrogative 

There was a + singular noun 

There wasn’t + singular noun 

Was there a/any + singular noun? 

There were + noun in plural 

There weren’t + noun in plural 

Were there any + noun in plural? 

Was/were  亦會用於談論 past continuous 動作。past continuous  可用來談論過去某個時間正在發生的事情,就像是在說某人於某個特定時刻正在做什麼。 

我們使用以下句型來構成過去進行式: 

was / were + 動詞 + -ing 

  • "I was eating then."(意指「我當時正在吃東西」。) 
  • "They were playing."(意指「他們當時正在玩耍」。) 

I was + 動詞不定式 + -ing  

現在來看一些例子:  

I was watching a movie at 10 pm last night. 

I was still sleeping at 9 am on Saturday morning. How about you?  

We were having dinner at 8.30 pm 

Were you sleeping while I was talking? 

如果你想進一步研究這個語法點,歡迎瀏覽 LearnEnglish Teens 網站上的 Grammar Bytes 部分。如果你想協助孩子掌握這個語法點,LearnEnglish Kids 網站亦有很不錯的參考內容,可在此查看 

使用 Was/were 的例外情況和一些棘手短語​​ 

我們已經了解到如何使用 was/were 來描述狀況,亦可談論你過去的感受。那麼,如果你想描述昨天有多冷呢?沒錯,你會用到 Was 或 Were!例子如下:  

It was freezing yesterday! 

My hands were really cold! 

It was sunny on Thursday 

The children were hungry by lunchtime! 

 Lukas Graham 的歌曲《Seven》中有很多使用 Was/Were 的例子,用來談論童年回憶。 

學習用一般過去式提問時,我們經常會用到 ‘Did you + verb…? (Did you + 動詞…?) 的結構,這在英語學習過程中,每每從你腦海自動浮現。使用這樣的短語結構,確是加快英語對話速度的好方法,但是要小心:有些情況明明應該使用 was 或were.,你卻可能誤用了這個短語結構。  

例如: 
‘Did you were here yesterday?’ X 
‘Were you here yesterday?’✔ 

在大聲說出問題前,用 was / were 先行演練,會很有幫助。舉例來說,初相識的人往往會問及你的過去,例如「Where you were born? (你在哪裡出生?)」或「When were you born? (你什麼時候出生?)」。在英語對話課程中練習這些短語,有助你更自信地用英語聊天。  

例如:I was born in Seoul” or “I was born in 1995” 

歌曲中使用 Was/Were 的著名例子  

  • 《All You Had To Do Was Stay》是 Taylor Swift 的一首歌。 
  • Papa Was a Rolling Stone》是一首充滿靈性的騷靈歌曲,The Temptations 早於 1972 年憑藉此曲風靡全球,而 George Michael 及 Phil Collins 其後亦有翻唱。 
  • Coen 兄弟的電影《The Man Who Wasn't There  (綠帽離奇勒索)》是一部黑色喜劇,講述男子敲詐妻子的老闆,以獲取投資生意的本錢,而計劃卻大出錯!  

Quiz  

請盡快填上缺失的單詞 — 不准作弊! 

  1. Last winter ____so cold! 
  2. What _____you doing at 9pm yesterday? 
  3.  It _____ very windy on Sunday​​ 
  4. When I______12 years old I watched Scooby Doo on TV! 
  5. There ______about 250 people at my sister’s wedding. 
  6.  Where____you yesterday? 
Answers 
  1. Last winter was so cold 
  2. What were you doing at 9pm yesterday? 
  3. It was very windy on Sunday 
  4. When I was 12 years old I watched Scooby Doo on TV! 
  5. There were about 250 people at my sister’s wedding. 
  6. Where were you yesterday?