By Cath

2025 年 2 月 21 日 AM08:56

Two Asian woman use a desktop computer in English class for Adults, British Council

傳奇電影明星柯德莉夏萍曾說過:「凡事皆可能——『不可能』(Impossible) 這個字本身就道出了我的可能性 (I’m possible)!」 

這種說法令人動容,同時是巧妙的雙關語,但在英語語法中並不成立。當我們說英語時,我們一般可以添加前綴 (在本例中為 “im”),將肯定詞更改為否定意思,反之亦然。在本文中,我們將會探討英語中最常用的前綴,以及其適用情況和用法。  

前綴是附加在單詞開頭的一組字母。英語中的前綴會修改單詞的含義,可以使單詞改為否定意思,亦可表達重複或意見。 
 
前綴在英語中相當常見。只要掌握前綴的用法,將其加到已知的英語名詞和形容詞前,詞彙量便可以即時翻倍。 
 
話雖如此,擴大英語詞彙量最快的捷徑,還是參加由專家教師指導的英語課程。請在此一覽課程

何時使用英語前綴? 

我們一般會在形容詞之前,使用前綴來表達相反的意思。例如:, kind becomes unkind.在動詞或名詞前面加入前綴,可就該單詞或情境提供更多資訊。例如,eat can become overeat, and understanding can become misunderstanding.  

我們會使用形容詞前綴表示否定或「非」的意思,以下是一些最常見的例子。 
 
請注意:這種前綴的用法只會改變單詞的意思,未必會將其變成否定詞。例如,當您在 dependent (依賴) 前面加入前綴 in- 時,便會得到 independent (獨立) 一字,懂得獨立未嘗不是好事!  

prefix that means “not” 

Examples of positive and negative 

un- 

Kind / unkind 

dis- 

Satisfied / dissatisfied 

im- 

Possible / impossible 

in- 

Decisive / indecisive 
Dependent /independent 

ir- 

Regular / irregular 

il- 

Legal / illegal 

a- 

Typical/ atypical 

怎樣判斷何時應使用哪個英語前綴?   

那麼,您應該使用 im-、un- 還是其他前綴?您又該如何判斷哪個單詞該對應哪個前綴?問得好。答案主要取決於哪個字最容易發音。 
 
以下是幾組常見的前綴用法,不過當中存在例外:  

Im- is often used in front of adjectives that begin with p, m, b 
(immature, imbalanced) 

In- is often used in front of other adjectives. 
(Incompetent, ineffective) 

Ir-  is often used before adjectives that begin with r.  
(irrelevant, irresponsible) 

il-  is often used before adjectives that begin with l. 
(illegible, illicit) 

我們還可以使用前綴為單詞賦予其他含義:  

前綴 

​​​含義 

範例 

mis- 

wrongly 

mislead 

re- 

again 

reactivate 

de- 

stop 

deactivate 

over- 

too much 

overcook 

under- 

too little 

underestimate 

pre- 

before 

prejudice 

post- 

after 

postmodern 

self- 

to yourself 

self-centred 

semi- 

part, partial 

semicircle 

pro- 

in favour of / towards 

proactive 

anti- 

against 

antivirus 

sub 

under 

submarine 

out 

more 

outrun 

non- 

not 

nonconformist 

ex- 

former / from before 

ex-husband 

mid- 

in the middle 

midday 

了解英語前綴的簡單拼寫規則  

英語前綴的拼寫規則十分簡單。由於詞根和前綴的串法均保持不變,我們一般會使用重疊字母: 

My little brother is so immature. 

I couldn’t read the document -- it was illegible. 

Bob thought the meeting was unnecessary. 

某些前綴會在主詞前面加入連字符 (-),例如前綴 ex-。如果前綴置於專有名詞、名稱或數字的前方,您亦應該使用連字符:  

I saw my ex-boss at the conference.He was looking very stressed! 

They were very pro-Europe, even though their friends were anti-Europe. 

I used to listen to this music in the mid-90s. 

如果前綴最後的元音與主詞開頭相同,亦需要加入連字符。這樣做會令單詞更容易發音。 

Everyone was hoping that they wouldn’t re-elect the Treasurer. 

She is one of the world’s pre-eminent physicists.  

至於其他前綴,除非省略連字符會產生歧義,否則不應使用連字符。請參考以下這個意思截然不同的例子: 

Ahmad had to re-sign the document.(他需要重新簽署文件。) 

Ahmad had to resign from his job, as he had found something better.(他需要辭職。)  

使用英語前綴的常見錯誤  

混淆看起來相似但含義不盡相同的前綴,是我們常犯的錯誤。例如:  

He was very dissatisfied with his new headphones -- the sound quality was terrible. 

John was unsatisfied after the meal -- he was still hungry. 

雖然這兩個單詞十分相似,而且都是否定詞,但含義稍有不同。Dissatisfied 表示某個人對某件事感到不滿或沮喪,unsatisfied 則表示不完整或缺少了某些東西。 

流行電影和音樂中使用前綴的著名例子  

法國雙人組合 Air 在 2008 年創作歌曲《Lucky and Unhappy》,講述一群特立獨行的人選擇自由過活的故事。 

由 Tina Fey 編劇的《The Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt》是人氣喜劇連續劇,講述一名樂天開朗的女人即使被鎖在地堡裡多年,仍然積極過活。她積極向上的精神可謂無堅不摧!  

由 Mos Def、Jack Black 和 Danny Glover 出演的 2008 年非主流經典喜劇電影《Be Kind,Rewind》講述了一家租碟舖所發生的種種怪事。 

前綴小測驗 

您能找出這些句子中的錯誤並加以修正嗎?  

  1. My younger brother is so iresponsible.He never helps! 
  2. My chicken was over cooked and tough.It was difficult to eat! 
  3. Ruyi gets stressed when people are late -- she’s so unpatient. 
  4. We need to repress the button.I don’t think it worked. 
  5. Jake was unsatisfied with the service in the restaurant -- the waiter was very rude. 

答案:  

  1. My younger brother is so irresponsible.He never helps! 
  2. My chicken was overcooked.It was difficult to eat! 
  3. Ruyi gets stressed when people are late -- she’s so impatient. 
  4. We need to re-press the button.I don’t think it worked. 
  5. Jake was dissatisfied with the service in the restaurant -- the waiter was very rude.