By Cath

2025 年 2 月 21 日 AM09:01

Smiling Asian university students in headphones walks to English class for Adults, British Council

第二條件句是所有夢想家的最愛。原因是甚麼呢?第二條件句指的是憑空想像的情境。例如,If I had a million dollars, I’d buy a mansion. (如果我有一百萬,我會買一座豪宅。)立即參考這篇第二條件句的實用指南,發掘條件句 (If) 的強大奧秘。 

溫故知新:第一條件句是用來談論可能情況的英語文法結構,所談論的情況只要滿足某個條件便會成真。 

英語中的第一條件句句型: 
If + 簡單現在式,will + 動詞原型 

例如: 

  • If it rains, we will stay inside. (下雨的話,我們會留在室內。) 
  • If we get a house with a garden, we can get a pet cat. (要是買到有花園的屋,我們就可以養貓。) 
  • If you call me, I will answer. (如果你打來,我會接電話。)  
英語中的第二條件句 
第二條件句指的是憑空或不太可能實現的情況,以及這些虛構情況在未來可能造成的結果。 
 
英語中的第二條件句句型: 
If + 簡單過去式,would + 動詞原型 

例如: 

  • If she were taller, she would play basketball. (她高一點的話便會成為籃球員。) 
  • If I knew the answer, I would tell you. (我知道答案的話會告訴你。)  

簡單英語語法貼士: 
第一條件句 = 真實且可能的情況。 
第二條件句 = 虛構或不太可能的情況。結果變數較大。 
 
另一個簡單的貼士是報讀成人英語課程!英語不乏異於常理的語法規則,教師可以即場解答您的疑問。成人英語課程請見此處

英語中的第二條件句有哪些語法規則?  

英語中的第二條件句由兩個子句組成,分別是 'if' 子句和主要子句。 

以下圖表顯示了應使用的句型:  

 

'If' clause 

 

main clause 

 

Structure 

 

If + past simple / past continuous 

 

 

subject + would / wouldn't + verb 

 

positive sentence 

 

 

If I had more real friends, 

 

I wouldn’t spend so much time on social media. 

 

 

Negative sentence 

 

 

If I didn't eat meat,  

 

I'd be a lot healthier 

 

Question 

 

 

If I invited you to a party, 

 

would you come? 

第二條件句在英語語法中的變體 

您亦可以使用第二條件句來表達對未來某個結果的不確定性。請參考以下兩句句子:  

First Conditional:If I get that job, I'll move to Toronto. 

Second Conditional:If I got that job, I'd move to Toronto.  

以上兩個句子表達的意思相似,但第一句表示說話者更有信心可以獲得錄取,在第二句中,說話者的態度則有所保留,甚至可能根本沒有應徵,而是在幻想自己找到一份可以海外出差的工作。 

由於英語中的第二條件句指的是虛構情境,我們一般會使用 were 來表達動詞 to be,而非 was,,即使使用第一人稱和第三人稱時亦然: 

例如, 
If I were less worried about the future, I'd enjoy life more. 

If he were more careful, he wouldn't make so many mistakes. 

主要子句亦可以使用 could or might 取代 would or wouldn't.,但前者的語氣較不確定。因此,談論一些可能發生但機率相對較低的事情時,應使用 could or might。  

例如: 
If I knew all the answers, I could easily pass the exam. 

If he listened more, he might learn something new.   

與所有條件句一樣,'if' 子句和主要子句的次序可以互換。不過,當 'if' 子句在前面時,我們會使用逗號分隔兩個子句。   

例如: 
If John were here, I'd tell him exactly what I think of him. 

I'd tell John exactly what I think of him if he were here. 

使用第二條件句的常見錯誤   

一個常見的錯誤是混淆兩個子句,從而使用錯誤的英語時態。  

例如: 

I didn’t eat that if I were you.X  

I wouldn’t eat that if I were you.✓ 

跟英文口語常用的縮讀字相同,我們書寫時條件句經常會用到縮寫。 
 
例如: 

If John had grown up here, he’d speak perfect Thai.(He would.Contraction = he’d 

If I’d taken that job in the bank, I’d be richer now.(I would.Contraction = I’d) 

成年學生經常會問我怎麼判斷 ‘d 是代表「had」還是「would」。這是個好問題。答案是從上文下理中判斷。我們不可以說‘He had speak perfect Thai’,,原因是助動詞 had 後面必須加入過去分詞,因此除了 ‘would’ 外別無他選。  

請緊記:could or might 等動詞後面永遠不會使用 ‘to’。  

例如: 
If I cooked, you wouldn’t to enjoy it.X 

If I cooked, you wouldn’t enjoy it.✓ 

電影和音樂中使用第二條件句的著名例子 

不少歌曲、電影和小說都使用第二條件句,原是因藝術家總愛天馬行空,想像另一個世界可能發生的事情。 

Beyonce 在 2008 年發表的人氣單曲《If I were a boy》中,想像如果自己變換了性別,生活會有何不同。她得出的結論是,作為女性的經歷會讓她成為比大多人「更好的男人」。  

2006 年,每次打開收音機,您都會聽到 Peter、Bjorn 和 John 朗朗上口的單曲《Young Folks》,歌詞問道 'If you knew my story word for word...would you go along with me?'  
 
在紅極一時的 "The Hunger Games" 書籍和電影三部曲中,女主人翁 Katniss 勸告敵人不要攻擊,否則跟隨她的叛軍會反擊。她警告都城:"If we burn, you will burn with us!" 

小測驗  

以下每個句子都有一個錯處。您能找到錯處並加以糾正嗎? 

  1. If I was taller, I’d be a basketball player. 
  2.  If John would ask you on a date, would you go? 
  3. If Brian won the competition, he had be very happy. 
  4. If I were you, I’d to go to Barcelona in the Spring - the weather is much nicer. 
  5. I wouldn’t do maths at school unless I didn’t have to. 

Answers: 

  1. If I were taller, I’d be a basketball player. 
  2. If John asked  you on a date, would you go? 
  3. If Brian won the competition, he would  be very happy. 
  4. If I were you, I’d go to Barcelona in the Spring - the weather is much nicer. 
  5. I wouldn’t do maths at school unless I had to.